Garbage is a global issue of concern to all parties. In Indonesia, various methods of handling of garbage is already a lot done but still the magnitude of the volume of waste that goes to the place of final processing (TPA) shows that yet effective waste reduction processes. Trash can overload in a shorter time than expected. To resolve the problem, then it needs to be considered a cheap technology and appropriate. Characteristics of litter in Indonesia which tend to be mixed (mixed waste), wet and dominated by organic became its own challenges for processing waste in LANDFILL (Damanhuri, 2008).
Komposting is one of the garbage processing technology is cheap and common. This technology has many flaws because the results of compost quality is low because it is mixed with ingredients toxic biodegradable and less like plastic, rubber, B3, and bark (Candy PU No 3 Year 2013). As a result, the selling value of compost being so low that imposes no compost products of interest from landfill. Processing using heat such as pyrolysis, gasification, and incineration require investment funds and a very big operation due to the issue of air pollution from exhaust emissions and the need for pre-treatment on the material to be burned so that the process of the combustion takes place effectively and efficiently. Researchers then developed a technology that can address the problem of biodrying with characteristics of garbage mixed in places such as Indonesia (Darmasetiawan, 2004).
Biodrying is the technology that is used to lower levels of organic material in the water using the help of microorganisms that naturally increase temperature on decomposition. The existence of this process, the water content can drop from 60% to less than 20% in less than a month time brackets.
The difference with conventional komposting was at the time living where komposting takes a much more long 2-3 month. Trash mixed in advance of an inert material such as plastic, glass, wood, rubber and B3. Later, trash streamed into counting and is trapped in a confined space and air/oxygen (O2) blown continuously with a specific debit to support aerobic process for 14 – 21 days. Temperature indoors biodrying may reach 70 C which is a eksotermal effect of processing waste in aerobic (Velis dkk., 2009).
The output of this process is the fuel that is often called refuse derived fuel (RDF). Other terms from the RDF is solid recovered fuel, briquettes or pellets (compacted RDF). RDF is a material commonly used as fuel in industrial boilers. The potential energy of RDF waste raw materials with the city is 15 MJ/kg or almost the equivalent of coal that is amounting to 26.47 MJ/kg. In Indonesia, this technology has been tested by the manufacturer to cement three wheel, PT Indocement Tunggal Prakasa Tbk (ITP), Citeureup, Bogor regency, in TPST Nambo and it’s possible to be applied in a variety of TPA in Indonesia (Faizal, 2016). Research on biodrying in Indonesia are still very limited, so the potential for development is still very wide open.
Reference:
- Damanhuri, Enri. 2008. Diktat Landfilling. Bandung: ITB.
- Darmasetiawan, Martin. 2004. Planning Of Landfills (LANDFILL). Jakarta: Ekamitra Engineering
- Achmad Faizal. 2016. Manufacturer of garbage in Garbage Processing method of Bogor “Biodrying”. Kompas.com (accessed November 15, 2017)
- Regulation of the Minister of public works no. 3/PRT/M/2013 about “the Organization of Infrastructures and means of Persampahan Household Garbage in the handling and Similar Household Garbage Garbage”
- Velis CA., Longhurst PJ., Drew GH., Smith, r., and Pollard SJT. Biodrying for mechanical – biological treatment of wastes: A review of process science and engineering. Bioresource Technology, 100:2747-2761.
